开放式自动需求响应通信规范的发展和应用综述

Development and Application of Open Automated Demand Response

自动需求响应(automated demand response,Auto-DR)是美国智能电网的关键技术之一。开放式自动需求响应通信规范(open automated demand response communications specification,OpenADR)已列入美国智能电网优先行动计划。OpenADR提供了一个公用的、开放式、标准化的需求响应技术接口。文章介绍了OpenADR的发展历程、必要性、内容和OpenADR联盟,详细阐述了OpenADR的通信架构和数据模型。在此基础上,给出了一系列OpenADR的相关应用。OpenADR相关的产品和试点工程证明,OpenADR能给Auto-DR提供技术支撑,通过低成本的标准化通信架构提高DR的可靠性、易操作性、鲁棒性和成本效益。中国DR技术标准特别是自动需求响应技术标准的开发将有助于促进设备制造企业、服务提供商等单位研发相关的产品和服务,吸引更多的电力用户参与DR项目,从而为降低工商业高峰负荷和有序用电管理等工作提供技术支持,降低用电成本,促进节能减排。

Automated demand response（Auto-DR） is one of the key technologies of smart grid in United States and the open automated demand response communications specification（OpenADR）,which provides a public,open and standardized demand response（DR） interface,is listed in the Priority Action Plans of smart grid in United States.The development course of OpenADR,its necessity and contents as well as the OpenADR alliance are presented,and the communication architecture and data model of OpenADR are expounded.On this basis,a series of application of OpenADR are given.Related products of OpenADR and its pilot project prove that OpenADR can provide technical support to Auto-DR,and through low-cost standard communication structure the reliability,handleability,robustness and cost-effectiveness of DR can be improved.The development of DR technical standard in China,especially the development of Auto-DR technical standard,will contribute to the promotion of the research and development of related products and services by equipment manufacturing enterprises and service providers,and attract more power consumers to participate in DR projects to provide technical support for the reduction of peak load of industry and commerce,well-organized power consumption management,lowering cost in electricity and promoting energy conservation and emission reduction.