制度变革与政策选择——基于国际公共资源分配问题的理论分析

Institutional Change and Policy Choice:A Theoretical Analysis Based on the Problem of the Allocation of International Public Goods

近年来，大量出现的国际组织及其相关协议在国际舞台上发挥着越来越重要的作用。国家作为国际社会的主要组成部分，其与国际制度的关系问题引起了广泛关注。国际制度种类繁多，其对国家对外政策的影响方式也多种多样。文章认为，国际制度关于分配结构的变革影响了国家的政策选择。分配结构可以分为追求效率的市场型分配结构和公平优先的权威型分配结构。市场型的分配结构决定了国家可以根据自身的能力和偏好最大程度地获取权力与资源的收益，权威型的分配结构则通过国际组织和国际机制等政治权威对权力与资源进行直接或间接的控制和调节。在给定的国家偏好下，制度分配结构的变革改变了国家的收益，进而决定了国家行为体不同的政策选择。

In recent years,a large outpouring of international organizations and their relevant agreements have played a growing role on the international stage.While state actors continue to be the primary units of the international community,the relationship between them and international institutions continues to receive more widespread attention.There are many kinds of international institutions,which impact the foreign policy of states in different ways.The article argues that shifts in the international economic distribution system impact the policy choices of states.Distribution systems can be divided into market-oriented systems seeking efficiency and authority-oriented systems which prioritize an equitable distribution of resources.Marketoriented systems determine that state actors can maximize power and resource benefits according to their own capabilities and preferences,while in authority-oriented systems,it is international organizations,international institutions or other political authorities which directly or indirectly control and regulate power and resources.Assuming that preferences are fixed,changes in the system of distribution cause changes in the benefits received by state actors,and thereby determines their respective policy choices.