俄罗斯仿刺参与中国仿刺参杂交F_1幼参的早期生长比较

Growth Comparison of Juvenile F_1 Hybrids between Russia Population and China Population of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

在水温13.0～25.0℃条件下,以存活率、同化率、质量增加率和特定生长率为评价指标,比较了俄罗斯仿刺参和中国仿刺参杂交系(RC和CR)及自交系(RR和CC)F1幼参[体质量(0.797±0.2688)g]的摄食、生长及杂交优势。试验结果表明,RC组、CR组及RR组幼参的存活率显著高于CC组(P<0.01);各组幼参之间的同化率无显著差异(P>0.05),与水温变化无显著关系;RR组幼参的质量增加率及其12月份的特定生长率均显著高于其他3组,各组幼参的特定生长率随水温降低而下降,但各月之间无显著差异(P>0.05);俄罗斯仿刺参与中国仿刺参正交(RC)和反交(CR)的效果略有差异,但杂交幼参的各项指标均高于目前养殖的中国仿刺参。综上所述,在水温较低且刺参规格较小的条件下,与养殖的中国仿刺参相比,俄罗斯仿刺参和杂交刺参F1幼参的存活率及生长有一定的优越性。

The heterosis in survival, assimilation, ingestion and specific growth rate was compared in reciprocal F1 juveniles weighing （0. 797±0. 2688） g between China population （CR） and Russia population （RC） and juveniles of China population （CC） and Russia population （RR） in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus at water temperature of 13.0- 25.0 ℃. The survival rate was found to be very significantly higher in groups RC, CR and RR than that in group CC （P〈0. 01）. No significant differences in assimilation rates were observed in groups RC, CR, RR and CC （P 〉 0.05）, without relationships with water temperature. The sea cucumber juveniles in group RR showed significantly higher specific growth rate than the juveniles in other three groups in December though the juveniles in the four groups had more or less decrease in specific growth rate with water temperature decrease, with no significant difference in each month （P 〉 0. 05）. There were little differences in survival, assimilation, ingestion and specific growth rate in the hybrid juveniles （groups RC and CR） with slight higher than those in Chinese juveniles （group CC）. In conclusion, the juvenile sea cucumber from Russia and hybrid F： showed a certain degree of superiority in survival and growth compared with the Chinese juveniles cultured in most areas of China and can be utilized in the aquaculture production in the future.