室内观赏植物吸收甲醛和苯能力的比较研究

Comparative study of the absorbility of indoor decorative plants for formaldehyde and benzene

我国城市室内空气污染日趋严重,甲醛和苯已经成为主要的室内空气污染物。分别选择60种和41种室内观赏植物放入自行设计的密闭熏蒸箱中进行甲醛和苯熏气处理。熏气24 h后测定箱内甲醛和苯的变化量,以植物单位叶面积甲醛和苯的减少量来评价其吸收甲醛和苯的能力。结果表明,所选植物对空气中甲醛、苯均有不同程度的吸收能力,但根据植物种类的不同,其吸收能力也有所不同。单位叶面积吸收甲醛能力较强的前10名植物为库拉索芦荟、春羽、龟背竹、袖珍椰子、合果芋、黑金刚橡皮树、富贵竹、橙柄草、中斑吊兰、多彩凤梨,单位叶面积吸收苯能力较强的前10名植物为库拉索芦荟、西瓜皮椒草、花叶鹅掌、果子蔓、春羽、合果芋、橙柄草、花叶荷兰铁、沙龙皇后万年青、多彩凤梨。盆栽植物土壤水分有助于甲醛的吸收,但对苯的吸收影响不大。

This paper has chosen 60 species of indoor decorative plants to absorb formaldehyde and the other forty-one species of in- door decorative plants to absorb benzene. We have done a fumigating experiment by putting the above said plants in some self-made fumi- gating boxes. In so doing, we kept measuring the change of formalde- hyde and benzene 24 hours later. And then we began to do our com- parative study for the absorbility of the plants for formaldehyde and benzene by gradually reducing the dose of formaldehyde and benzene in the unit leaf area. The results of our experiments indicate that if the mass concentration of formaldehyde and benzene is 10 times as high as that stipulated in the national standard, all the indoor decora- tive plants are in a position to absorb beth the formaldehyde and the benzene content in the air, though their adsorbilities vary respective- ly. The absorbility for formaldehyde in the unit leaf area declines as follows, for example, Aloe vera L., Philodendron selloum C. Koch, Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Chamaedorea elegans （ Mart. ） Liebm.,Syngonium podophyUum Schoot, Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. ＇Decora Burgundy＇, Dracaena sanderiana Sander ex Mast., Chlorophytum amaniense Engl., Chlorophytum comosum （ Thunb. ） Jacq. ＇Vittatum＇ , Neoregelia carolinae （Beer） Sm. ＇ Tricolor Per- fecta＇. However, the absorption capacity for benzene in the unit leaf area has been found declining as follows, Aloe vera L., Peperomia argyreia Merr, Schefflera arboricola （ Hay. ） Merr. ＇ Jacqueline＇ , Guzmania lingulata （ L. ） mez, Philodendron seUoum C. Koch, Syn- gonium podophyllum Schoot, Chlorophytum amaniense Engl., Yucca guatema/ens/s Baker ＇ Variegata＇, Dieffenbachia maculata ＇ Tryun- fw＇, Neoregelia carolinae （Beer） Sin. ＇Tricolor Perfeeta＇ . As a re- suit, we have chosen six species of indoor decorative plants for our later experiments while pot and soil were made separated from the hauim. The plants have then been put into the fumigating boxes for further fumigating experiments. The results show that the soil moisture in the pot of the plants tends to have some effect on the absorption ca- pability of the plants on formaldehyde, but no effect has been found on benzene.