身份变化、认同与帝国边疆拓展——云南腾冲《董氏族谱》(抄本)札记

Status Change, Identification and the Expansion of Imperial Border——A Note on the Manuscript of Genealogy of Dong’s Family

在明帝国向西南边疆拓展的过程中,许多土著居民因籍为土军而开始了他们的身份变化。由于承袭军官的制度规定,他们必须在承袭时向兵部提供承袭供状。这些材料在日后宗族建构的过程中,便被借用为记录祖先的历史直接植入族谱。随着西南边疆逐渐稳固,土著身份逐渐淡化,至清后期便塑造出一个汉人祖先的来历,明代军官的身份成为这一塑造的有力证据。这部族谱所反映的,不仅是帝国边疆拓展给西南边陲社会带来的身份与认同的影响,更是许多土著个人以其身份与认同的改变,成就了帝国边疆的稳固。

During the expansion of Ming Empire to the southwest China frontier, many local residents started their changes in status for being local soldiers. According to the rules of inheriting the position of officers, they had to offer letters of agreement to the Military Board. These letters were put into their genealogies as their ancestors’ historical records when they constructed the lineages later. Following the gradual stability of Southwest frontier, their status as local ethnic group was weak, a career of Han ancestor was made after mid-Qing period, and the status of officers in the Ming army became the powerful evidence in this making. Dong’s genealogy showed not only the impact of the imperial expansion on the status and identity in Southwest frontier society, but also the changes of those local people with their status and identity made the stability of the imperial border.