马克思的教育哲学及其当代意义

Marx's Philosophy of Education and Its Contemporary Significance

马克思的理论旨趣似乎集中于政治经济学批判,但其最终目的乃是为了人的自由全面发展,教育是实现这一目的的重要途径之一。马克思在现代资本主义语境中对教育进行了考察,并在充分揭示现代性弊端和现代社会"人的问题"的基础上,提出了以综合技术教育为主要内容的教育哲学。这种教育思想的目的是促进社会进步,强调人与社会的和谐发展和共同进步,强调教育面向大众,与生产劳动相结合。因此,它在现代教育的问题域、教育目的以及教育中人与社会关系等内容上均超越了传统的教育思想,是一种教育革命,其对当代中国特色社会主义宏观实践以及微观的教育教学都具有重要的指导意义。马克思的"教育革命"是建立在其哲学革命———实践唯物主义和唯物史观基础之上的。

Marx＇s theoretical purport seems to focus on the critique of political economics, but its ultimate purpose is the free and comprehensive development of human beings, and education is one of the most important means to achieve this goal. In the context of modem capitalism, Marx examined education, and on the basis of fully revealing the drawbacks of modernity and ＂human issues＂ in the modem society, he proposed the philosophy of education with comprehensive techni- cal education as the main content. The purpose of this educational thought is to promote social progress, to stress the har- monious development and common progress of man and society, to emphasize education for the general public in combina- tion with production and labor. Therefore, it transcends traditional educational thoughts in terms of problem domain of mod- em education, educational purposes, as well as man-society relations in education. It is a revolution in education, possess- ing important guiding significance for the macro practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and microscopic educational practices in contemporary China. Marx＇s ＂educational revolution＂ has been based on its philosophical revolution -- practical materialism and historical materialism.