新公共管理是持续还是死亡?——基于布罗代尔“长波”理论的分析

New Public Management: Continuation or Death? ——An Analysis Based on Braudel's "Long-wave" Theory

新公共管理运动开展30年来,学界对其诠释、理论化、学科化、批判等的研究成果纷繁复杂。其中不乏反思其兴与衰,并做出死亡论断。然而,对新公共管理进行批判不应忽视的问题是:新公共管理的诞生不是学科属性的而是基于经验的画像或描述,因而不应对学科化简单提出基础理论的讥难;在判定新公共管理取向是否公共行政改革世界潮流的问题上,只关注其趋同性而忽视趋异性;在武断判定新公共管理死亡的问题时,忽视公共行政改革的"长波"现象。应用布罗代尔的"长波"理论分析新公共管理学术思潮在公共行政演化的"长波"现象中的命运可以发现,简单地断言NPM已经死亡是言过其实的,NPM余波及其影响将是长久的。

The academic community has made plenty of achievements in interpretation, theory, discipline, and criti- cism concerning new public management since its onset 30 years ago. Some scholars reflected on its rise and decline, and made the so-called ＂death assertion＂. However, the criticism of the new public management should not overlook the fact that the birth of the new public management was not merely of disciplinary property, but based on depiction or description of experience, thus should not sustain critique of discipline stemming from basic theory in a simplistic manner. In determining whether the new public management is the international trend of reform in public administration, some people tend to focus on the convergence and ignore the heterogeneity. When they assert the death of new public management, they are ignoring the ＂long-wave＂ phenomenon in the reform of public administration. The application of Braudel＇s ＂long-wave＂ theory in the analysis of the fate of the new public management in the ＂long-wave＂ phenomenon of evolving academic trend concerning public administration reveals that the simplistic assertion of the death of NPM is an exaggeration, because the NPM after- math and its impact will be far-reaching.