高句麗國名臆測

On the Etymology of Koguryo

已知的高句麗的語言資料主要見於金富軾《三國史記》,而中國史書也保存了一些寶貴的語彙,其中最重要的就是《三國志》所記"溝漊者句麗名城也"。研究者已發現,《三國史記》記高句麗地名最常見的"忽",以及高句麗之"句麗(驪)",都是"溝漊"之異譯,其語源就是"城"。而高句麗之"高",是高句麗語的"山",在《三國史記》所記地名中常作"達"。因此"高句麗"的語源應該就是"山城"。

While the main sources for study of the language of Koguryo are from Samguk Sagi by Kim Busik,Chinese historical literature can offer very important reference materials as well,of which the most frequently cited by researchers is "Koguryo call the walled city as Goulou," reserved in Sanguozhi (The Histories of Three Kingdoms) by Chen Shou.It has been known among scholars that the character Hu for the transliteration of toponyms in Samguk Sagi,and the second part of the ethnonym of Koguryo,are both the same transcription using different Chinese characters,with the same etymology which is the walled city.The etymology of the first part of Koguryo is mountain,written in Chinese character in Samguk Sagi as Da/ta/tar.Thus the original meaning of Koguryo should be a walled city standing on the mountain.