論漢魏六朝七言詩歌的源流及其與音樂的關係

The Headstream and Its Relation with Music of Heptasyllabic Verse in Han-Wei and the Six Dynasties

七言作爲韻文體,在漢代已被廣泛使用,但作爲詩歌的一種體裁,卻至南北朝後期纔開始流行,盛唐以後方成爲詩歌的主體。這是由漢魏六朝的音樂體制決定的。漢魏六朝的詩歌史,經歷了由歌謡到樂歌,再到徒詩的演變進程。七言徒詩是從七言歌詩中發展過來的,早期的漢至晉宋的七言詩歌都是歌、舞詞,主要是由句句入韻與雜三七言這兩體構成,這兩體都不能成功地轉化爲大宗的徒詩體,這是由漢魏舊樂體制所制約的。南北朝後期,在新的音樂體制中,七言詩流行,隔句押韻的七言歌曲流行,並由此迅速孕生徒詩七言體。到了隋唐燕樂時代,七言已經成爲歌曲主體,同時在徒詩體中七言也逐漸成爲詩體的主流。

Heptasyllable七言詩was used extensively in the Han Dynasty,but as a type of literature,Heptasyllabic Verse七言詩體was not popular until late Northern and Southern Dynasties,and became the main part of poetry after the glorious age of Tang Dynasty.This developing situation is determined by the music system in Han-Wei and the Six Dynasties.Poetic history during that period underwent a process from ballad歌謡to lyric樂章,and poetry徒詩at last.Heptasyllabic poetry七言徒詩developed from heptasyllabic lyric七言樂章.The early heptasyllabic lyric in Han-Wei and Jin-Song Dynasties,which was completely the lyric of a song or a dance,was a heptasyllabic verse rhyming with every sentence or a mixed verse composed of three-syllable and hepta-syllable.Under the old music system of Han-Wei Dynasties,never could it developed successfully into heptasyllabic poetry.In the late Northern and Southern Dynasties,heptasyllabic song rhyming every two sentences was popular in the new music system,which rapidly gave birth to heptasyllabic poetry.Then as Yanyue (pop music) grew popular in the Sui-Tang Dynasties,heptasyllable became the main type of lyric,and gradually became the headstream of poetry.