“天人合一”与古代中国的政治生态

"The Integrity of Man and Nature" and the Political Ecology of Ancient China

"天人合一"的思想使天命成为王权合法性的基础,也使民众对政权的认可转变为对统治者与天命之间的关系的认可。并且形成了双重性的认证方式:短期内,通过对话语权的控制来宣称对天命的拥有;长期内,则通过俘获人心来证明不负天命。这种独特的认证方式衍生出古代中国的两大政治法则:结果重于过程和以实力论英雄。这两大法则恶化了古代中国的政治生态。同时,灾异谴告的模式也产生了极大的负面效应。频繁的改朝换代、大规模的战乱、长时间的高压统治成为古代中国的常态。

The thought of integrity between Man and Nature had laid fatality the foundation of the legitimacy of kingship. Meanwhile, it had changed people＇s recognition of regime into their recognition of the relation between rulers and fatality. Moreover, they had formed an authentication mode of dual nature： in the short term, rulers declared the superiority of fatality through their control over discourse power; in the long run, they wanted to prove that they lived up to the expectation of the fatality through the capture of people＂ heart. Two political rules were derived from this unique authentication mode, one being that results are more important than process, the other being that the one who possesses the greatest ability is the hero. These two rules had deteriorated the political ecology of ancient China. Meanwhile, the mode of disaster warning had caused extreme negative effects. Thus ancient China was left in the normal state, that is, frequent change of dynasties, large-scale war disasters, and long-time ruling policy of high pressure.