浅论大气环境管理重心由总量控制向质量改善转型

On Air Environmental Management Key Point of Transformation from Total Quantity Control to Improving Quality

我国目前公众对大气环境污染问题的敏感度较高,全面改善空气环境质量业已成为重要的民生问题,并日益紧迫,为此必须在政策顶层设计上制定出科学合理的大气环境管理技术路线和系统有效的对策措施。本文在总结我国大气环境管理成功经验和分析未来大气环境质量面临的形势与挑战的基础上,提出我国大气环境管理重心必须由总量控制向质量改善转型以及相关对策措施:突破我国目前大气复合污染这一城市群社会经济发展的瓶颈,从环境管理体制等方面看,应重点做好以下工作:第一,在管理机制方面,构建"统一规划、统一监测、统一监管、统一评估、统一协调"的区域联防联控工作机制;第二,推行区域主要大气污染物排污权有偿使用与交易机制等制度;第三,建立起以空气质量改善为核心的总量控制方法,实施SO2、NOx、颗粒物、VOCs等多污染物的协同减排;第四,探索有利于联防联控的新机制和新模式。

It is necessary to design the strongest and most effective policy system and establish scientific measures and reasonable technology route on air environmental quality in China. Based on the summary on successful experience in ＂Eleventh five - plan＂ and the analysis on air pollutant situation and challenge in ＂Twelfth Five - Year Plan＂, this paper proposes the scientific and reasonable policy and measures on air environmental management key point of transformation from total quantity control to improving quality. Faced on the public high attention on atmospheric environment pollution problem in China recently, overall improving air environmental quality has become an important issue about the people ＇s livelihood increasingly urgent, therefore, it is need to design in the policy based on scientific and reasonable atmospheric environmental management technical route and system effective countermeasures. The paper suggests that the total amount control of management must transform to improve the environmental quality and relevant countermeasures on an environmental management system： first, constructing ＂ unified planning, unified monitoring, unified supervision, unified evaluation, unified coordination＂ zone defense integrated mechanism in the management mechanism; Second, the implementation of the main atmospheric pollutants emission rights paid use and transaction mechanism system ; Third, setting up in improving air quality as the core of total amount control method, the implementation on pollutant emission reduction coordination of SO2, NOx, PM, VOCs, etc; Fourth, explore the integrated defense mechanism and new mode.