论弗里德曼法律文化概念的方法论困境

The Methodology Predicament of Friedman's Concept on Legal Culture

弗里德曼"法律文化"概念的提出为研究法律文化的学者打开了一个视域上的新窗口,但此概念也招致了不同层面上的质疑与批判。而这些质疑与批判从根本上看是对弗里德曼"法律文化"这一概念所面临的方法论困境的呈现。一方面,旨在考察诸如观念、态度、价值模式等因素在形塑法律制度上的功用时,作为对象化的"法律文化"概念只是一种"理想类型",其在科学性与可操作性上不尽使人满意;另一方面,作为实证化研究方法的"法律文化"概念又面临价值性功用上的危机,其在满足法社会科学"用法律改良社会"的理想方面以及解释多元性法律文化方面显得不尽如人意。

The concept on ＂legal culture＂ proposed by Friedman has broadened the horizon of scholars who are dedicated to legal culture research.This concept,however,is confronted with questioning and criticism from different levels,which fundamentally mirror the methodology predicament confronted by it.On the one hand,as being designated to examine the functional effects of,for example,ideas,attitudes,value modes on shaping legal system,the ＂legal culture＂ concept objectively is just of an ＂ideal type＂ and is not competent in its scientific and operational capacity.On the other hand,as an empirical research method,the＂legal culture＂ concept is in the crisis of little value function,for it cannot satisfy the ideal of ＂improve the society by law＂ nor can explain the diversity of legal culture.