抵押物转让的法律问题——评《物权法》第191条

The Legal Issues of Mortgage Transaction——Comments on “Property Law” 191st Article

《中华人民共和国物权法》第191条对于抵押物转让的规定是对传统抵押权理论的实质性改变,采取了抵押物转让受抵押权人意志限制、否定抵押权的追及效力的做法。然而,这种制度设计存在着以下缺陷:否认抵押权的追及效力,直接影响了抵押权制度功能的发挥;未对动产抵押和不动产抵押进行区分对待;受让人代位清偿的制度存在缺陷。为此,首先应当从原则上取消对抵押物转让的限制,废除抵押权人同意的限制规定,承认抵押权的追及效力;其次,考虑到动产抵押的特殊性,法律应做出特殊的规定以保护抵押权人的利益;最后,还应确立代价清偿、涤除权制度为善意受让人提供全面、有效的保护。

According to the 191st Article of Real Law of the People＇s Republic of China,it has substantively changed the traditional theory of mortgage right with limiting the transfer of mortgage and denying the retroactivity of mortgage right.However,the design of this system exists the following defects.First,denying the retroactivity of mortgage right has a direct influence on the function of the system of mortgage right.Second,it have not distinguished between chattel mortgage and the mortgage of real estate.Third,the subrogation settlement system also exists some defects.Therefore,we should,first of all,cancel the restrictions of the transfer of the mortgage and admit the retroactivity of mortgage right.Next,in consideration of the particularity of chattel mortgage,the law should make special provisions to protect the mortgagee＇s interests.Lastly,the law also should establish the system of the cost settlement and the eliminating power to provide comprehensive and effective protection for assignees.