经济人相关行为假设是否可以纳入中国经济学——熊彼特注意到经济学需要研究什么问题

A Discussion on Whether the Hypothesis of Economic Man Can Be Incorporated into the Realm of Chinese Economics——Basic Economic Problems in Joseph Schumpeter's Eye

亚当.斯密的《道德情操论》和《国富论》指出经济人行为的利己主义和理智行为相结合的特征,"违背理想的理性原则"的"自然的行为"是"心理上正常的行为"。新问题有,能否把欲望及其满足作为经济分析的基础。边际效用理论实际上把对欲望或满足的研究完全撇开不谈。心理学能否帮助我们更好地掌握效用、欲望、满足等概念,而且心理学引入经济学究竟是起到演进作用,还是起到演退作用。福利经济学、福利主义、非福利主义、行为经济学以及行为实验能否帮助我们确认经济学的定位,即是先知性的还是后知性的。中国经济学是否需要研究人与人之间关系的心理基础。

With The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith became installed as the leading expositor of economic thought, who discerningly characterized the actions of economic man as a combination of self-interest and rational behavior and further pointed out that economic behavior was motivated by self-interest. However, new problems arise pertaining to whether desires and the means of satisfying those desires should be taken as the basis for economic analyses since marginal utility theory actually refrains from investigating into such issues as desires and desire satisfaction. Besides, it remains to be seen whether psychology can help us better understand concepts like efficacy, desire and satisfaction and whether the introduction of psychology into economic domain is of a progressive role or a negative one. It is also advisable to make clear whether welfare economics, welfarism and non-welfarism, behavioral economics, and behavioral experiments could help us better establish the orientation of economics, that is, whether economics is prescient in nature or the＇other way round. Moreover, it remains to be clarified whether Chinese economics should probe into the psychological basis of interpersonal relationships. All of these above will be addressed in the paper.