贵州黔东南地区蕨类植物区系初探

Preliminary Study on Pteridophyte Florae in the Southeast Area of Guizhou

为了解黔东南地区蕨类植物区系的特点,采用野外调查与查阅资料相结合的方法,对该地区的蕨类植物进行调查和区系分析。结果表明:1)该区蕨类植物物种丰富,有48科110属390种、2亚种、17变种和2变型。2)优势科、属表现明显,优势科有鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科和铁角蕨科等,优势属有鳞毛蕨属、铁角蕨属、耳蕨属、卷柏属和蹄盖蕨属等。3)该区蕨类植物区系地理成分复杂,从属来看,是以热带、亚热带分布的属占优势,表明,该区蕨类植物有较高的热带亲缘;而从种来看,东亚地理成分的种有164个,占总种数的39.9%,说明,该区蕨类植物属于东亚区系。4)中国特有成分较丰富,有101种,表明,该地区的蕨类植物具有一定的特有性质。5)该地区蕨类处在热带亚洲和东亚2个植物分布区的过渡地段,有44属在这里仅有1种分布,构成属多种少的格局,具有过渡性质。6)与贵州省贵阳市和云南省迪庆州相比,该地区蕨类植物最丰富,且与贵阳市蕨类植物的相似性更大、亲缘关系更近。

In order to explore the characteristics of pteridophyte florae in the southeast area of Guizhou, according to the field investigation and the document collection, the floristic characteristics of pteridophytes in the southeast area of Guizhou Province were analyzed. Results. 1）There were rich species of pteridophytic flora, consisting of 48 families, 110 genera, 390 species, 2 subspecies, 17 varieties and 2 forms in the area. 2） There were some dominant families such as Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae and Aspleniaceae in the area, and some dominant genera such as Dryopteris, Asplenium, Polystichum, Selaginella and Athyrium in the area. 3）Floristic and geographic elements were complicated. At genus level, the tropical and subtropical distribution types were dominant , this indicated that the fern flora at genus level was related to tropical and subtropical nature. At species level, East Asia element （164 species） accounted for 39.9% of the total species, this indicated that the fern flora belonged to East Asia. 4）There were rich species of the Chinese endemic, consisting of 101 species, this indicated that the ferns had some special properties. 5） The ferns in the area situated the transition section between the tropical Asia and East Asia distribution area ,44 genera had only one species in the area, forming the pattern of more genera with less species with transitional nature. 6）Compared with the ferns in the area with Guiyang of Guizhou Province and Diqing of Yunnan Province, the area had richer ferns than these two areas, and with close relationship with Guiyang.