水泥型人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折股骨假体的生物力学特性

Biomechanical Characteristics of Hip Prosthesis in Hip Arthroplasty Treating Elderly Patients with EvansⅠ-Ⅲ Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

目的探讨人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折股骨假体的生物力学特性。方法根据DI-COM 3.0标准,采用Mimics软件及CAD建模软件Unigraphics完成股骨三维实体重建,以大粗隆尖到小粗隆下缘作为骨折线并将骨折线以上部分移除,建立粗隆间骨折模型。将两种不同柄长(120、170 mm)股骨假体模型置入骨折模型,采用3 mm厚的骨水泥套层重建假体与股骨间的缺损,5 mm厚的骨水泥套层代替重建小粗隆上1 cm股骨颈截骨线与粗隆间骨折线间的骨缺损。最后应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS 6.5建立三维有限元模型,模拟单腿站立姿势进行力学加载,得到股骨假体的应力分布云图,在应力集中区域取5个位点取其平均值得到应力值。结果短柄、长柄股骨假体应力分布基本相同。假体颈部有两个应力集中区,分别位于假体颈的上部和中下部,接近与假体柄连接处,其中中下部与小转子上方的交界处集中明显。假体柄部内侧的颈干交界处相当于股骨矩区域有一较小的应力集中区域,由此向下应力略降低,随之逐渐增大,在接近假体柄内侧末端时形成第二个应力集中区域;假体柄外侧由近端向远端应力逐渐增大,到接近假体末端时形成假体柄外侧应力集中区。结论水泥型人工髋关节置换治疗老年EvansⅠ-Ⅲ型粗隆间骨折,股骨假体的应力分布与常规人工全髋关节置换后股骨假体的应力分布相似;长柄股骨假体的各应力集中峰值较短柄股骨假体高,但均没有超过金属断裂的应力极值。

Objective To investigate the feasibility of hip arthroplasty in the treatment of elderly pa- tients with Evans I- Ⅲ intertrochanteric fracture of femur by analyzing its biomechanics characters. Methods We solved the CT digital image files with the graphics processing software Mimics at DICOM 3.0 standard, and reconstructed the three-dimensional entity of femur with CAD modeling software Unigraphics. Then the fracture line was defined in the model as the line between the tip of greater trochanter and inferior margin of small tro- chanter, above which the upper bone was removed. Afterwards the two prosthesises with different stem lengths （120 mm and 170 mm） were implanted into the fracture model respectively as hip arthroplasty with 3 mm bone cement layer between prosthesis and femur, and the bone defect was repatched with 5 mm bone cement layer. A three-dimensional finite element model was established with finite element analysis software ABAQUS 6.5.We formulated different material parameters under the stress condition standing with single leg to build the stress distribution map of the femur prosthesis, and took 5 loci of region of stress concentration to calculate the mean value of stress. Results The stress distribution maps of the short and long stem length prothesises were simi- lar. And there were two areas of stress concentration, including the upper portion and the lower portion close to the joint of the prosthesis stem, and the stress concentration in the junction part was obviously between the lower portion and the upper area of the small trachanter. The stress reached the first concentration area at the junction and then gradually reached the second concentration area at the interior terminal of the stem. While the stress gradually increased along the lateral prosthesis stem, and reached the stress concentration area at the end. Conclusions The stress distribution maps in the femur prosthesises are similar between hip arthroplasty in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur and the traditional hip arthroplasty surgery. The peak stress val- ues are higher in the long stem prosthesis in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur than the short type, while they are under the rupture value of the metal.