毛发-鼻-指(趾)综合征-1基因在乳腺发育及乳腺癌中的研究进展

Roles of Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome-1 Gene in Normal Breast Development and Breast Cancer

GATA转录因子家族成员与雌激素受体(ER)的表达和乳腺导管上皮细胞分化高度相关,其中GATA-3基因被认为是调节乳腺癌肿瘤发生最关键的转录因子之一。最近,一个新的GATA家庭成员——毛发-鼻-指(趾)综合征-1(TRPS-1)基因被发现在乳腺癌中有着广泛表达。研究表明,ER+乳腺癌患者的TRPS-1表达明显高于ER-乳腺癌患者,其表达与GATA-3、ER、孕激素(PR)显著相关,可能参与了调节乳腺上皮细胞分化的过程。miR-221/222可通过调控其靶基因TRPS-1,下调上皮细胞标志性蛋白E-cadherin水平,诱导乳腺导管细胞向间充质前体转化(EMT)。此外还有证据表明,TRPS-1在肾间质细胞、柱状软骨细胞和破骨细胞等组织中均参与间充质前体细胞分化,支持诱导间质细胞向上皮细胞转化的过程(MET)。本文总结了GATA转录因子TRPS-1在乳腺导管上皮细胞中的作用及其基因和蛋白质表达与乳腺癌预后之间的关系。

GATA transcription factor family members have been found to involve in the growth and differentiation of mammary gland. Among them GATA-3 is regarded as the most critical regulator involving the tumorigenesis of breast cancer （ BC ）. Recently, trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 gene （ TRPS-1 ）, a new GATA family member, has been identified to be highly prevalent in breast cancer. Compared with ER-negative breast cancer, the expression of TRPS-1 is higher in ER-positive breast cancer and was significantly correlates with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and GATA-3, indicating it may serve as a ductal epithelial cell- specific regulator in the differentiation of breast ductal epithelial cells. Studies have shown that miR221/222 is able to downregulate the expression of an epithelial cell marker E-cadherin by targeting TRPS-1, resulting in mammary epithelial cells transition to mesenchymal cell （EMT）. In addition, it has been well accepted that TRPS-1 plays a role in the differentiation of several other cell types including kidney nephric mesenchymal cells, columnar chondrocytes, and osteoclasts, indicating that TRPS-1 involves in mesenchymal-to-epithelial cell transition （MET）. In this article, we summarize the roles of GATA transcription factor TRPS-1 in ductal epithelial cells and the roles of its gene and protein expressions in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.