南岭区域成矿与深部探测的研究进展及其对西藏钨锡找矿的指示

Progress of Research on Metallogenic Regularity and Deep Exploration in Nanling Region and Its Indication for W-Sn Exploration in Tibet

本文通过对桂西北矿集区、湘南矿集区和赣南粤北矿集区的地质学、地球化学、矿床学等方面的研究,扼要对比了南岭西段、中段和东段的地壳演化历史和区域成矿特点,发现在矿集区尺度上,南岭成矿带西段表现为燕山晚期的爆发式成矿作用;南岭成矿带中段表现为伴随多期岩浆活动而发生多期次成矿,形成多金属矿床;东段虽然也发生多期次的岩浆活动,但成矿作用以燕山期早期第一阶段为高峰;南岭西段也具有发现东段式钨矿的潜力。在不同矿集区深部找矿方向上,南岭西段的少花岗岩地区应重点探测与深部隐伏花岗岩体有关的成矿作用,高温高压成矿实验也表明溶洞式矿体也应列为找矿重点;南岭中段应根据不同的成矿环境探测深部矿体,如黄沙坪矿床深部存在"柿竹园式"矿床;南岭东段,应该在"五层楼"下部寻找"地下室"矿体。在物质来源方面,在湘南骑田岭矿集区的探测技术试验结果表明,骑田岭岩体深部存在地幔物质上涌的通道,岩体中心相的细粒黑云母花岗岩较外围的粗粒黑云母花岗岩混入了较多的幔源物质,白蜡水矿区的富锡流纹质次火山岩脉,也暗示深部存在一期更晚的、含幔源物质更多的岩浆活动,与锡矿成矿物质多来源于地幔的认识一致。根据以上认识,并综合对比南岭与西藏成矿的异同,本文认为在西藏地区,宜在低剥蚀地区的中低温热液矿床的深部探测钨锡矿床,在发育老地层的高剥蚀地区寻找中高温热液型钨锡矿床。

In this paper, through a comparative study of the geological and geochemical features of the typical ore concentration areas, the authors summarized the evolution of the crust and regional metallogenic regularities in the western, middle and eastern regions of the Nanling metallogenic belt. In the western region, magmas intruded into the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic crust in a short time with an explosive type Sn mineralization in late Yanshanian epoch; in the middle region, magmas intruded into the late Paleozoic crust for a long time accompanied by polymetallic and multi-stage mineralization; in the eastern region, magmas intruded into early Paleozoic crust with the W mineralization peak in Yanshanian epoch, indicating that W mineralization might have occurred in the early Paleozoic crust of the western Nanling region. Correspondingly, the concealed granite, the Shizhuyuan-type deposit under Huangshaping type deposit, and the ＂basement＂ under the ＂five-storey＂ type W deposit addition should be the deep exploration targets in the western, middle and eastern Nanling regions, respectively. In , the deep exploration across the Qitianling intrusion in southern Hunan Province shows the existence of an upwelling pathway for mantle material indicated by artificial earthquake test at the center of the intrusion where the later fine-grained granite contained more mantle material than the early coarse-grained granite in the light of Os isotope. In addition, the Sn-rich rhyolite subvolcanic rock vein that intruded into the early coarse grained granite in the Bailashui Sn deposit is a indicator of a later magmatism characterized by enrichment of mantle materiald in the depth of Qitianling intrusion. These metallogenic regularities in Nanling have indicating significance for W-Sn exploration in Tibet, i.e., to explore W-Sn mineralization in the depth of epi-mesothermal deposits in low erosion areas, and to explore the meso-hypothermal W-Sn deposits in the high erosion areas