放牧方式对中蒙典型草原植物功能群特征的影响

Effect of Grazing on Plant Functional Group Characteristics in stipa Steppe between China and Mongolia

基于中蒙典型草原不同放牧方式,研究了不同放牧方式下中蒙典型草原植物功能群特征。结果显示,内蒙古定居放牧样地多年生草本比例显著低于其它放牧样地,比例为57.576%;而旱生植物比例显著高于其它放牧样地,比例为69.697%。蒙古四季游牧样地功能群多样性指数和优势度指数均高于内蒙古放牧样地,均匀度指数与多样性指数相反。功能群多样性指数与优势度指数间呈显著正相关(r>0.855,P<0.05);均匀度与多样性指数、优势度指数间均呈负相关。多年生和一年生草本植物、旱生和中旱生植物的生态位宽度均较大,从而导致多年生与一年生植物间、旱生与中旱生植物间生态位重叠值相应较大。说明,不合理的放牧导致草原植被群落退化,降低草原生态经济价值。

In our study, the plant functional characteristics in Chinese and Mongolian typical different grazing methods were investigated. The results showed that the proportion of perennial grazing （SG） was significant lower than the others, the ratio is 57. 576%, while the proportion of steppe under under settled significantly higher than the others, the ratio is 69. 697%. The diversity of functional groups showed that Shannon-wiener and Simpson index at four season nomadic grazing （FSNG） were higher than the others, whiie Pielou was contrary to diversity index. Correlative analysis of functional groups diversity showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between Shannon-wiener and Simpson index, while negative correlation between Pielou and diversity index. Niche breaths between perennial and annual plants, xerophytes and intermediate xerads were higher, it affected niche overlap. It showed irrational grazing led to was clearly found to be of lesser economic and ecological value.