可贵的质疑 中肯的批评——苏霍姆林斯基《前进》一文简介

Valuable Query and Pertinent Critique——A Brief Introduction to Sukhomlinski's To go forward

20世纪60年代中期,苏联教育界教条主义盛行。苏霍姆林斯基从教育良知出发,以极大勇气撰写了《不要原地踏步》(后易题为《前进》)一文,强调不可生搬马列主义原理,强调教育的目的是人,教育应带有"人的脸面";集体只是教育的手段,不能把集体建设与个性发展对立起来;马卡连柯"平行影响原则"的缺陷在于忽视教师作用;任何教育理论都不能替代教师的独立思考和创造性实践。可惜此文长期被打入冷宫,直到作者逝世后19年才获公开发表。了解本文的基本内容,将有助于我们全面认识苏霍姆林斯基的教育思想。

The mid 1960s bears witness to the prevalence of dogmatism in the educational circles of the Soviet Union.With the educational conscience and great courage,Sukhomlinski wrote an article titled To go forward(initially titled Don't mark time),in which he emphasized that Marxism-Leninism couldn't be copied or applied indiscriminately,that education,to educate human beings,should be with a 'human face' and that collective education was only a means to the end and couldn't be set opposite to personality development.In addition,he also put forward the teachers' independent thinking and creative practice couldn't be replaced by any educational theory,and that the drawback of Makarenko's 'parallel effect principle' just lies in ignoring the role of teachers in education.This article,which got published regrettably until 19 years after the author's death,contributes to fully understanding the Sukhomlinski's educational thoughts.