海洋管理的社会学阐释

A Sociological Interpretation of Marine Management

从社会控制理论的视角将海洋管理定义为是有关海洋社会组织(包括正式组织如国家海洋局和非正式组织如渔民协会)通过政治制度、经济和社会舆论等手段,通过对人类海洋开发行为进行指导和约束,以达到维护海洋权益,合理开发海洋资源,保护海洋环境,协调沿海和内陆平衡发展,促进人类海洋开发活动持续、稳定、协调开展,最终实现人与人、人与海和谐共处的目的。定义中阐明了海洋管理的对象:人类的海洋开发行为;海洋管理的任务:一是合理引导人类海洋开发利用活动,二是有效处理海洋问题,三是协调沿海与内陆平衡发展;海洋管理的主要手段:政治制度手段,经济手段,社会舆论手段。这是本文作者从社会学视角对海洋管理进行的一些解读。

From the perspective of the social control theory, marine management is defined as marine- related social organizations （including formal organization like State Oceanic Administration and informal organization like Fisherman＇s Association）, which take such measures as political systems, economic and social opinion means, by guiding and constraining human behavior of marine exploitation, to protect mari- time rights and interests, explore marine resources reasonably, protect marine environment, coordinate coastal and inland development, promote the sustained, stable and coordinated development of human be- havior in ocean exploitation, and finally achieve the purpose of harmony between people and people, people and ocean. The definition clarifies （1） the object of marine management, human behavior in ocean exploi- tation （2） the tasks of marine management, firstly, to guide human activities of marine exploitation rea- sonably~ secondly, to deal with marine issues effectively thirdly, to coordinate the coastal and inland de- velopment （3） primary measures of marine management, political system, economic means, and public o- pinion. These are the authors interpretations of marine management from the perspective of sociology.