民国江南社会结构变迁对市镇与乡村关系的重塑

Jiangnan Social Structure Change Reconstructs the Relationship between Town and Country in the Republic of China

明代中叶之后,随着江南地区工商业、近代工业的繁荣,市镇作为当地乡村的经济中心,开始大量出现,到20世纪30年代达到了近代的顶峰。乡村作为一定市镇的"乡脚",把市镇作为经济、文化中心,也与市镇保持一定的政治管辖关系。但是并没有形成完整的市镇管理,及市镇对乡村的管理职能。清末市镇开始有完整的管理机制。直到民国区级政权的建立,确立了市镇在乡村管理中的地位。政治上级的位置进一步强化了市镇的中心地位。

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, a large number of town as the local economic center of the village emerged with the prosperity of businesses and modern industry in southern Jiangsu area, and reach its peak in 1930s.Town become the economic and cultural center, rural as the ＂township feet＂ of certain town, and maintain certain political relationship. But there are not complete management systems of town and municipal management functions from town to villages. There are complete management systems until the end of the Qing. The district regimes in the Republic of China establish the management center status to rural. The higher political position strengthens the town＇s center status.