王祯《农书》的“缴耕”

An Interpretation of “Jiaogeng” in Agricultural Treatise of Wang Zhen

"缴耕"一词仅见于元代王祯《农书.农桑通诀.垦耕篇》,字面意义为"绕耕",有两种基本方式:"向外缴耕"和"自外缴耕",分别与《齐民要术.种瓜篇》记载的"顺耕"和"逆耕"相对应。前者指耕地时从地块的中间开始耕,像画圈一样由内至外顺时针耕到两边,垡土方向相对,现代耕作学称为"内翻法";后者指耕地时从地块的右侧开始,像画圆一样由外至内逆时针耕到中间,垡土方向相背,现代耕作学称为"外翻法"。通过对山东一带方言进行实地调查,山东方言词称"内翻法"、"外翻法"分别为"扶耕"和"绞耕",二词反义对举。《农书》"缴耕"所从出的注文实际上指的是现代耕作方法中的"三区内外翻交替耕法"。

＂Jiaogeng＂ this one verb appeard the earliest in a book named Agricultural Treatise of Wang Zhen, Yuan dynasty, wits literal meaning is ＂to plow round and round＂. It was divided into two basic ways： ＂to method＂. Affirmance by observation, there are words ＂Fugeng＂ and ＂Jiaogeng＂ in Shandong dialect. The meaning of Jiaogeng in the dialect is different from that of Agricultural Treatise of Wang Zhen. The annotation actually refers to the modern farming method of the three zone valgus ＆ varus alternate method.