先秦道家的“身”论

On the Body of Taoists before Qin Dynasty

身体在先秦道家思想中具有本体论意义:个体生存之依据,他者之代称,万物一体之载体。三种含义对应三种面向:对个体生命之依据的"身"之珍爱,对于完成他者之代称的身之内敛,对于万物一体之载体的"身"之屈从。三层面向杂糅交织,但都体现出老子的身体决定论。从"以身观身"的特定角度出发,先秦道家认为,身体的平衡才能带来世界的和谐无忤,个体的整全才能带来世界的整全。身体的本质是在和他者的对峙中限制自身,提高自身,激发个体生命的提高。

Body has the three meanings of ontology in Taoism before Qin Dynasty which are the base of human life, the title of others and the carrier of living things. The three meanings which embody the thought of Lao Zi refer to love for body, restraint of oneself and sub- mission to body. With regard to these meanings ,taoists hold that the balance of body can keep the harmony of the world and the integrity of individual can keep the integrity of the world. The nature of body lies in the restraint of oneself and the improvement of oneself in the confrontation with others.