生气、高兴和伤心情境中幼儿情绪表达策略差异

Differences of Child Emotional Expression Strategies in Angry,Happy and Sad Situations

在前人基础上改进了幼儿情绪表达策略测量工具，并用之考察了101名3～5岁幼儿在生气、高兴和伤心情境中的情绪表达策略。结果显示，幼儿夸大策略使用较多，仅次于掩饰，平静化策略运用最少；年龄越大策略使用次数越多，4岁时策略发展较快，是其关键阶段；生气情景中掩饰策略运用较多，伤心情景中掩饰和夸大策略运用较多，高兴情境中综合运用掩饰、夸大和弱化策略；父母在场时更倾向于用掩饰策略，在好朋友面前综合运用掩饰和夸大策略；女孩比男孩更擅长运用策略，其平静化策略运用更多，且女孩更愿意向好朋友而非父母表露真实情绪。

In the current research, 101 preschool children, aged from 3 to 5, were investigated how they used the emo- tional display rules in angry, happy and sad situations. The results showed that firstly children could well un- derstand the distinction between real and apparent emo- tions. They used masking most, then intensification, with neutralization the least. Moreover, the using of emotion- al expression strategies increased with the age growth. The age of 4 is the key stage of development of using strategies, in which the ability of using strategies devel- ops highly fast. With regard to strategies, masking was used more in angry situations, masking and intensifica- tion were used more in sad situations, whereas the com- prehensive use of masking, intensification and mini- mization was found in happy situations. Children tended to use masking when parents were present, while they used comprehensive means of intensification and mask- ing when friends were present. Girls were better at using emotional expression strategies than boys.