语言符号论

On the nature of linguistic signs

与其他符号相比,语言符号具有以语音形式为能指、线条性、多义性、历史承传性和层级性5个特点;任意性是一切符号的基础,也是语言符号的最高原则,决定了语言符号的系统性、社会性、强制性、可变性、不变性;理据性是语言符号命名与理解的依据,其外部依据是事物之间的联系,内部依据是语言符号的系统性,体现了语言符号系统性对任意性的制约,但承认理据性并不能否定任意性这一符号的根本属性。最后,语言是个共时态的价值系统,语言符号的系统性最突出的表现是语言符号的组合关系和聚合关系。

Unlike other signs,linguistic signs are characterized by sound as signifiers,linearity,polysemy,historical transmission and hierarchical levels.Arbitrariness as the fundamental and essential characteristic for all types of signs determines the systematic,social,forceful,flexible and non-flexible features of linguistic signs.Rationality is the basis for naming and understanding;its outer evidence is the connection between events and the inner one is the systematic feature of linguistic signs,which shows the restriction of systematic feature on arbitrariness.However,rationality and arbitrariness don’t go against each other.Finally,the paper discusses the syntagmatic relation and paradigmatic relation-the most prominent aspects of the systematic feature.