语用失误与英语教学

A Study on Pragmatic Failure and its Inspirations on Teaching

在跨文化交际中普遍存在着语用失误。这些失误或是由于缺乏目的语语言知识,或是由于对目的语的文化差异缺乏认识所造成的。通过对荆楚理工学院师范学院大二学生50人和荆门市某重点高中高三学生50人的一次语用能力调查,发现学生在回答问卷时存在不少语用失误,其中语言语用失误主要表现在惯用语的错误转移和不能准确理解说话人所要表达的"言外之力"上,社交语用失误主要表现在说话分寸把握不当和与说话人所处的语境不相符上,因此,在英语教学中应多举实例让学生充分体会语言形式与其表达的交际功能之间的多样性关系,并加强引导学生恰当使用缓和型模糊限制语,以培养和提高学生的语用能力,使其能在跨文化交际中取得成功。

Pragmatic failure is a long - standing phenomenon in cross - cultural communication among Chi- nese EFL learners. Pragraalinguisitic failure and sociopragmatic failure are the two manifestations of pragmatic failure. Paying excessive attention to language itself regardless of its cultural differences is the main cause of pragmatic failure. This paper makes an investigation on students＇ pragmatic competence of fifty sophomore students from teachers college and fifty senior students from one key high school in Jingmen city and finds that pragraatic failure exists commonly in English speech communication. While pragmalinguisitic failure mainly lies in the mis - transfer of some idioms and misunderstanding of speaker＇ s implication, sociopragmatic failure mainly embodies in the improper utterance in certain circumstance as a result of lack of knowledge of cultural background. Based on the analysis of the origin of pragmatic failure, this paper also gives some practical pro- posals guage on how to cultivate students＇ pragmatic competence in terms of the diverse relationship between the lan- form and its communicative function and the proper use of shields hedges.