油茶树体对钙镁硫元素年吸收和积累规律研究

Research on annual changes of calcium,magnesium,sulfur absorption and accumulation in Camellia oleifera tree

以5年生油茶为试材,研究了树体对中量矿质元素钙、镁、硫的年吸收和积累规律。结果表明:叶片中钙、镁元素的含量较高,硫元素在根系中的含量较高;油茶年发育周期中对钙、镁、硫元素的吸收量分别为3.98g株-1、6.01 g株-1和3.91 g株-1,吸收比例约为2︰3︰2。从休眠期(1月15日)至抽梢期(4月15日),油茶植株新梢生长所需的钙镁硫元素全部由枝干和根系中贮存的营养供给;抽梢期(4月15日)至果实发育期(7月15日)是吸收矿质元素的活跃时期,植株对钙元素的吸收几乎全部集中在该段时期内,对镁、硫元素的吸收量超过了年吸收量的50%,且吸收的钙、镁、硫元素中分别有8.83%、20.56%和50.57%被根系所利用;果实发育期(7月15日)至果实成熟(10月15日),植株吸收的镁、硫元素分别有32.86%、14.84%被根系利用,其余的转运积累至枝干和果实中。该研究弄清了油茶树体对钙、镁、硫矿质元素的吸收规律,为指导科学施肥提供了理论依据。

Five-year-old Camellia oleifera trees were selected to study annual changes of calcium, magnesium and sulfur absorption and accumulation. The results showed that the contents of calcium and magnesium in leaves and sulfur in roots were higher than that in other organs. The annual absorption of calcium, magnesium and sulfur achieved 3.98 g, 6.01 g and 3.91 g per tree, respectively. And the ration was approximately 2 ： 3 ： 2. The mineral nutrition for new shoot growth was totally applied by roots and brunches during the development stage from dormancy in January 15th to shooting period in April 15th. The active absorption period of mineral elements was from shooting to fruit development period in July 15th during which about all the calcium and over 50% magnesium and sulfur of annual uptake was absorbed. And the percentage of calcium, magnesium, sulfur uptake used by the roots was 8.83%, 20.56% and 50.57%, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage of magnesium and sulfur uptake used by the roots during development stage from July tO fruit ripening period in October 15th was 32.86% and 14.84%, respectively. And the rest of magnesium and sulfur were transferred and accumulated in brunches and fruits. The clarified characteristics of calcium, magnesium, sulfur absorption and accumulation in Camellia oleifera tree could provide theory basis for scientific fertilization.