突尼斯政治民主化中的欧洲因素探析

The Roles of Europe in the Democratization of Tunisia

欧盟是突尼斯政治民主化的重要外因。欧洲国家的压力引起了突尼斯1861年宪政改革,从而开启了突尼斯的政治现代化。同样,欧洲因素使得哈比卜.布尔吉巴和"布尔吉巴主义"在突尼斯确立了统治地位,侍从主义体制延续到共和国时期。突尼斯在欧洲影响下,其民主化进程呈现独特的特点。1995年欧盟提出"欧盟—地中海伙伴关系"计划,标志着其三位一体民主促进机制的形成。这一机制在突尼斯产生了重要影响,但也存在一些不足。

The EU is one of the most important external factors affecting the democratization of Tunisia.It was the pressure from Europe that forced Tunisia to start its constitutional reform in 1861,which marked the beginning of Tunisia’s political modernization.Similarly,it was once again the European factor that had helped Habib Bourguiba become the first Tunisian president and Bourguibaism the dominant doctrine,which was indispensable for the persistence of the Patronage system in modern Tunisia.Under the European influences,the democratization of Tunisia shows unique characters.The EU’s'Euro-Mediterranean Partnership'launched in 1995 symbolized the formation of the triple logic behind the EU’s democracy promotion mechanism,which has achieved great successes in Tunisia despite some of its weaknesses.