小西淀穗花狐尾藻的生长特性与氮磷吸收规律研究

Growth Characteristics and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation of Myriophyllum spicatum in Xiaoxidian

2011年4-9月,对白洋淀的小西淀穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)的生长参数、植物体各构件氮磷含量及其生长水体的理化因子进行了测定,分析了穗花狐尾藻的氮磷吸收规律。结果表明,穗花狐尾藻的株高与生物量均随着时间的推移而增长,种群的生长始于3月底或4月初,终于9月底,主要生长期在6-8月。植物体内的全氮和全磷含量呈现出先增长后下降的趋势,在其生长旺期的6-8月保持了较高的水平。叶的氮、磷积累量最大,茎和根次之。穗花狐尾藻植物体的氮磷积累量最大值均出现在7月,分别为9.10g/m2和1.08g/m2。穗花狐尾藻的氮磷积累量与水体中的总氮呈显著负相关,与总磷含量呈负相关,与透明度呈显著正相关,表明穗花狐尾藻具有较强的净水功能。8月末,狐尾藻大面积腐烂,水体中的氮、磷含量开始增加,致使透明度降低。建议在植物生长旺季将植物体迁出水体,以防造成水体的二次污染。

In order to explore growth characteristics and accumulation regulation of nitrogen and phosphorus of Myr- iophyllum spicatum, some growth indices and contents of nitrogen and phosphorus of M. spicatum and physic - chemical factors of water body were determined in Xiaoxidian belonging to Baiyang Lake from April to September 2011. The results showed ： ：l^lant height and biomass of M. spicatum increased over time ; population growth began in late March and early April, prevailed between June and August, and ended in September; total nitrogen and to- tal phosphorus contents of M. spicatum presented a high level from June to August, corresponding to the main grow- ing periods; accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus was the highest in leaf, and then stem and root; the highest accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in M. spicatum happened in July, and their contents were 9.10 g/m2 and 1.08 g/m2 , respectively ; nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of M. spicatum had a negative correlation with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in water, a positive correlation with water transparency, which proved that M. spicatum could purify water ; in late August, large areas of M. spicatum decayed, water nitrogen and phosphor- us concentrations began to increase, resulting in the decline of water transparency. In conclusion, there was a sug- gestion that M. spicatum should be harvested in the growth period for avoiding the secondary pollution of water.