武汉市秋冬季空气颗粒物暴露对大学生肺功能的短期影响

The short.term effects of particulate matter on lung function of college students in autumn and winter in Wuhan

目的研究武汉市秋冬季室内外颗粒物暴露对大学生肺功能的影响。方法采用小样本追踪研究的方法，于2009年10月29日--11月11日（秋季）和2009年12月23日-2010年1月5日（冬季），共测试28d。通过随机整群抽样法选取武汉市某大学37名19～21岁在校大学生，排除呼吸系统疾患及有吸烟史的调查对象，测定其早晚最大呼气流速（peakexpiratoryflow，PEF），并且监测室内外可吸人颗粒物（PM10）、细颗粒物（粒径42．5μm的颗粒物，PM2.5）浓度变化。运用广义估计方程构建统计模型，定量评价了颗粒物暴露对大学生肺功能的影响。结果秋季室内、室外PM2.5日均浓度分别为（91．3±43．7）和（104．2±49．4）μg/m^3。冬季室内、室外PM2.5日均浓度分别为（110．6±42．3）和（143．5±51．2）μg/m^2。单污染物模型结果显示冬季室外当天PM2.5的浓度每升高10μg／m^3，晚间调查对象的PEF改变为-1．27L／rain（95％CI：-2．52--0．02L／min），滞后2d后，冬季室外PM2.5浓度每上升10μg／m^3，早晨调查对象PEF改变为-1．82IMmin（95％CI：-3．53--0．11L／min）。分别引入气态污染物NO2和SO2，构建双污染物模型，在控制了SO2的影响后，冬季室外PM25浓度每上升10μg／m^3。滞后2d后，调查对象早晨PEF下降1．81IMmin（95％CI：-3．51～-0．11L／min，P=0．037）。未发现秋季颗粒物的暴露对大学生PEF产生影响。结论冬季室外高浓度的PM2.5暴露可导致大学生PEF下降，而秋季的影响并不明确。

Objective To evaluate the effects of indoor and outdoor PM2. 5 （fine particulate matter, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2. 5 μm） on lung function of college students in autumn and winter in Wuhan. Methods In this panel study, 37 college students （ excluded subject of respiratory disease and smoking history） aged 19 -21 were investigated by cluster sampling in a university in Wuhan. The follow-up study lasted for 28 days in total, including two study periods, Oct. 29 to Nov. 11,2009 （autumn） and Dec. 23,2009 to Jan. 5,2010 （winter） , the peak expiratory flow （PEF） of the college students were measured daily in the morning and evening in the university. PM10 and PM2.5 were monitored indoors and outdoors. The effects of PM on lung function of college students were analyzed by using generalized estimating equation （GEE）. Results Average daily concentrations of indoor, outdoor PM2.5 in autumn were （91.3 ±43.7） and （104. 2 ±49. 4） μg/m^3 respectively,while in winter the concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were （ 110.6 ± 42. 3 ） and （ 143.5 ± 51.2） μg/m^3. The single pollutant model showed that in winter,the evening PEF decrement was significantly associated with increasing outdoor PM2.5. With an increase of 10 μg/m^3 outdoor PM2.5, the PEF measured in the evening decreased 1.27 L/rain （95%CI： 0. 02 -2. 52 L/min, respectively）. Meanwhile, the results showed that 2-days lagged outdoor PM2.5 was also significantly associated with morning PEF. An increase of 10 μg/m^3 2-days lagged outdoor PMzs caused the decrease of 1.82 L/min （95% CI： -3.53 - -0. 11 L/rain） of PEF measured in the morning. Controlling the influence of gaseous pollutants and building the two pollutants models, the results indicated that no significant changes of PEF of students being exposed to PM2. s on same day （ lag 0 ） were observed. However, under consideration of SO2 effect, significant association between an increase of 10 μg/m^3 2-days lagged outdoor PM2.5 and changes of morning PEF （ - 1.81 L/min, 95% CI： - 3.51 - -0. 11 L/min,P =0. 037） was found. The relationship between changes of concentrations and PEF was not observed in autumn in this study. Conclusion In our panel study, exposure to outdoor PM2. 5 is significantly associated with PEF among college students in winter,but not in autumn.