超越实在论和建构论——科学理论的认知地位分析

Beyond Realism and Constructivism——Analyzing the cognitive role of scientific theory

科学哲学的发展实质上是对科学知识的主体建构性的不断揭示,而科学理论的认知地位分析是解决科学哲学所探讨的其他问题的出发点。通过对现代科学哲学中较为普遍接受的几种理论观:实在论的理论观、工具主义的理论观、描述主义的理论观以及建构主义的理论观进行批判性的分析,揭示其存在着自身无法克服的理论缺陷,并提出一种基于自然、社会和认知主体之间交互作用的实在建构论,即科学理论是基于涉身的理性建构。

The history of the philosophy of science is essentially an incessant course of disclosing the subjective constructivity of scientific knowledge. Analysis of scientific theory＇s cognitive role is the starting point for all other problems in the field. This paper makes critical analyses of some accepted theories, including realism, instrumentalism, descriptivism and constructivism. On the basis it argues that each theory has its un-overcomeable limits, and proposes a on the interaction among nature, society and cognitive subject, based on rational construction of embodiment. theory which of reality-constructivism based means that scientific theory isbased on rational construction of embodiment.