汉语语境下“教学”意义的本质特征

The Essential Characteristics of the "Jiaoxue" in Chinese Context

汉语语境下,"教"总是关涉口头语言,"教者"总是企图让"被教者"接触、理解、认同并践行某些思想。"学"者希望获得现成的指导思想来提升自己的能力;这种现成的指导思想可以是别人讲的,也可以是自己阅读的,还可以直接效法他人的做法。作为一种客观现象,"教学"是在教育机构中,师生以口头语言为主要手段来传授、传递、传承课程思想的社会行为;是具有权利与义务的一种语言交往活动。其本质特征可归结为:三方参与性,动机目的性,语言交往性,话题限定性,权利义务性和社会活动性。因此,应在学校教学中高度重视(口头)语言问题。同时,由于教育机构的参与性、中介性和管理性,"教"、"学"二者的主动性均有不同程度的削弱。

In Chinese context, ＂teach＂ always concerns the oral language. ＂Teacher＂ always tries to make ＂the taught＂ touch, understand, recognize and implement certain ideas. ＂Learner＂ hopes to obtain existing guidelines to enhance their capacities. The existing guidelines can be taken by heating the spoken of others, or by reading by oneself, or by following the practices of others directly. As an objective phenomenon, ＂Jixaoxue＂ （教学, teach ＆ learn） taking institutions is the social behavior which is a process where both the teacher place in educational and students pass the course ideas mainly by oral language, and it is a language communication with rights and obligations. It is essentially characterized in： three-party involvement, motivations, oral communication, selectedtopics, right-obligations and social activity. Therefore, it is supposed to attach great importance to the （verbal） language in school. At the same time, owing to the participation, mediation and management of educational institutions, the initiative of ＂teacher＂ and ＂learner＂ have been lost to some extent.