无偿献血机制面临的伦理困境及对策建议——基于昆明市公众的调查研究

On the Ethical Dilemmas and Countermeasures of the Blood Donation——A Case Study in the City of Kunming,Yunnan Province

为了了解公众对无偿献血相关知识的认知程度及行为态度,识别无偿献血机制面临的伦理困境,为完善无偿献血机制提供对策建议。作者以问卷调查为主,个人访谈为辅,对昆明市250名公众进行调查。结果显示:公众对无偿献血相关知识及政策的认知程度较低,仅有29.11%的被调查者参加过无偿献血;无偿献血机制面临宣传导向不正确、自愿献血困难重重、血站运行机制不合理等方面的伦理困境。要想走出困境,应该加强对无偿献血相关知识及政策的宣传,提高公众的认知程度;坚持公益性原则,理顺血站运行机制,消除公众信任危机;杜绝非自愿性献血,充分保障公众的自主权;完善无偿献血激励机制及保障机制,切实维护献血者合法权益。

The objective of the study is to figure the blood donation, probe into the ethical dilemmas out the degree of the public knowledge and acceptance of of blood donation mechanism, and provide some counter- measures and suggestions for the improvement of blood donation mechanism. The research is conducted with a survey of 250 members of the public in the City of Kunming by means of the questionnaire and individual inter- views. The study finds that the degree of the public knowledge of the blood donation is low and only 29. 11% of the respondents participated in blood donation; besides, the blood donation mechanism is facing such ethical di- lemmas as follows： the propaganda guidance is not correct, the voluntary blood donation is difficult and the op- eration mechanism of blood banks is not reasonable. The paper thus concludes that to diminish these dilemmas, we should strengthen the advocating of the blood donation knowledge and policy to raise the public awareness, adhere to the principle of public welfare, straighten out the blood operation mechanism to eliminate the public trust crisis; we should work further hard to put an end to the involuntary blood donation, to guarantee the auton- omy of the public so as to improve the incentive mechanism and security mechanism of blood donation, to safe- guard the legitimate rights and interests of the blood donors.