抗旱保水材料在内蒙古黄土高原旱作区的蓄水保墒增产效应研究

Water Retaining,Conserving and Yield Increasing Effects of Water Saving Materials in Dry Farmland of Inner Mongolia Loess Plateau

针对黄土高原干旱日益加剧的现状,水分成为作物生长的直接限制因子。在内蒙古清水河县通过大田对比试验,以不施保水材料为对照(CK),比较4种保水材料-75kg/hm2 PAA(A)、75kg/hm2 PAM(B)、1 500kg/hm2腐植酸(C)、18 000kg/hm2膨润土(D)在保水、增产效应方面的研究,筛选出更适宜该地区气候条件和土壤类型的保水材料。结果表明:5种处理对该地区的保水增产效应依次表现为A>B>D>C>CK,且以A、B两种保水材料的保水增产效应极显著高于其他几个处理。在苗期10～20cm土层土壤质量含水率A、B、C、D分别较CK提高了42.04%、32.08%、7.06%、14.69%;土壤贮水量分别提高了18.04%、13.80%、6.74%、4.06%;玉米产量A、B、C、D分别较CK提高了19.48%、15.22%、2.64%、7.82%;水分利用效率分别提高了20.61%、15.17%、2.81%、8.77%;生育期间A、B、C、D分别较CK节水4.36%、3.19%、0.44%、1.63%。可见4种保水材料在该地区具有显著的蓄水保墒增产效应,对提高当地土壤生态环境有重要意义。

Drought has been becoming more and more serious in Loess plateau and water has become the direct limited factor of crop growth. Through the field comparison test in Qingshuihe County of Inner Mongolia, this paper compares the water-saving and yield -increasing effects of four water-saving materials including 75 kg/hm2 PAA （A）, 75 kg/hm2 PAM （B）, 1 500 kg/hm2 humic acid （C） and 18 000 kg/hm2 bentonite （D） with the control treatment （CK） which does not use any materials in order to select the water -saving material which is more suitable to the local climate and soil condition. The results show that the order of the water-saving and yield-increasing effects is A〉B〉D〉C〉CK and the effects of A and B are significantly higher than those of other treatments. Compared with the CK treatment, the soil water content in the 10-20cm depth soil layer of A, B, C and D treatment is increased by 42.04%, 32. 08〉, 7. 06% and 14. 69〉 in the seedling stagel the water storage is increased by 18. 04〉, 13. 80〉, 6. 74% and 4. 06%〉the yield is increased by 19. 48〉, 15.22%, 2. 64% and 7. 82% 〉the water use efficiency is increased by 20. 61%, 15.17%, 2. 81 〉 and 8. 77 〉 〉 and the water is saving by 4. 36 〉, 3. 19 %, 0. 44 % and 1.63 〉 in growth period, respectively. So the four water saving materials have significant of water retaining 〉 conserving and yield-increasing effects, which is important to improve the local ecological environment.