唐代长安木材供给模式刍议

A Critical View of the Mode of Timber Supply in Chang’an in the Tang Dynasty

有唐三百年,都城长安对生态环境的影响可从周边森林消长反映出来。唐代长安木材供给方式多样,既有制度性的专监供应和专材专供,也有非制度性之市场供材和就地取材;取材之地分散,既有关内之京兆岐陇,又有关外之岚胜荆广;供求矛盾突出,供不应求的局面一直存在;管理机构多变,由前期的少府监转而归神策军。唐代京城木材需求旺盛,考验唐朝木材的供应能力;京城木材大量消耗,则考验生态环境的承受能力。

The effects of the three-century endurance of the Tang Dynasty on the ecological environment sur- rounding the capital Chang＇ an can be found by investigating the growth and decline of surrounding forests. The Tang Dynasty enjoyed varieties of timber supply, having both institutional special-supervision supply and special- wood supply and non -institutional market supply and on-the-spot supply. The wood-obtaining locations were scat- tered, some from Qishan and Longxian in the shade of the capital and the rest from faraway mountains and even Hu- bei and Guangxi. Moreover, the contradiction between supply and demand remained fierce owing to failure to meet with ever-growing demand. Finally, the administrative organs varied as time went by, the manufacturing department at the start but the capital-guard headquarters in later days. The ever-growing demand for timber in the capital chal- lenged the dynasty＇ s timber-supply capacity, and the large-quantity consumption of timber tested the supporting ca- pacity of the ecological environment.