新疆绿洲人居环境的综合评价与分析

A Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Human Residential Environment on the Oasis in Xinjiang

为了分析新疆人口分布与自然环境的适宜性,在已有相关研究的基础上,本文利用GIS、DEM、气温、相对湿度、降水量等的空间分布模拟结果,构建了地形起伏度指数、温湿指数、水文指数和地被指数;在此基础上,最终构建了人居环境指数模型,并对新疆人口分布与自然环境的协调性进行了综合评价分析。结果表明:基于HEI的新疆人居环境总体很差,但是仍然可以划分为不适宜区、较难适宜区、勉强适宜区、基本适宜区和较适宜区;北疆地区人居环境总体好于南疆地区,东疆地区最低;其中较适宜区主要分布在天西带、天北带和塔北带,且盆地中上部的人工绿洲是人口分布的集中区。

In order to analyze the suitability between population＇ s distribution and the natural environment in Xinjiang, based on the existing studies, the paper uses the simulation results of spatial distribution on GIS, DEM, air temperature, relative humidi- ty, precipitation to build topographical surfing index （TPI）, temperature and humidity index （THI）, hydrological index （WHI） and land vegetation cover index （LCI） ; finally, on the basis of these index, the human residential environment index （HEI） is built to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the coordination between the Xinjiang population distribution and the natural environment. The results indicated as follows： based on HEI, Xinjiang population living environment is very poor~ howev- er, it can be classified as five kindsof regions ranging from the unsuitable to the more suitable; and HEI of the northern part of Xinjiang is totally better than the southern part of Xinjiang, the eastern part of Xinjiang is the most poor; in it, the more suitable region is mainly distributed in the Tianxi Zone, Tianbei Zone and Tabei Zone ; and the concentrated distributed region of the most suitable region is in the artificial oasis of the upper part of basin. The results can be used to provide the service for the comprehensive plan of population, resource and environment and the population functional zone in Xinjiang.