秸秆机械集中沟埋还田的可行性研究

Study on feasibility of straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field using machine

为测试改进的开沟机开沟质量是否满足秸秆集中沟埋还田开沟埋草、覆土要求,研究了秸秆机械沟埋还田对埋草沟的排水降渍效果及小麦生长情况的影响,通过大田试验,采用秸秆机械沟埋和常规还田方式,将上季作物秸秆进行全量还田(秸秆沟埋量2.1 kg.m-1),设置沟埋深度为20,30 cm,常规还田(CK)3个处理。田间试验结果表明:梯形沟上、下口宽分别约为35.00和19.20 cm,D2,D3处理间平均开沟深度分别为19.50,29.90 cm,集中抛土距离分别为38.00,41.00 cm,集中覆土厚度分别为11.45,17.17 cm,土壤破碎率均达90%以上;埋草沟具有与排水沟相近的土壤降渍效果,各处理下埋草沟含水量下降幅度均大于CK,不同深度埋草沟的降渍效果优劣排序为30.00 cm深优于20.00 cm;埋草沟上小麦出苗及生长情况均好于CK。该机开沟作业质量稳定、性能测试良好、满足埋草覆土要求;埋草沟具有排水功能、对小麦出苗及生长无影响,秸秆机械集中沟埋还田具有可行性。

In order to test the ditching quality with the improved ditcher meeting requirements for ditching, straw- buried and covering soil, and the effect on drainage and growth of wheat during straw concentrated ditch-buried retur- ning, a field experiment was carried out with total straw returning of last season （ at the rate of 2. 1 kg. m - 1 ） in three processing methods, ditch-buried returning at the depth of 20, 30 cm and conventional returning （CK）. Field tests showed that top width and bottom width of trapezoidal ditch were about 35.00 em and 19.20 cm, the average depth of ditch were 19.50 cm and 29.90 cm, distance of centralized throwing soil were 38.00 cm, 41.00 cm, thickness of centralized covering soil were 11.45 era, 17. 17 cm individually for D2 and D3, at the same time, broken rate of soil were both more than 90%. The drainage and waterlogging reduction function of straw ditch were similar as common drainage ditch. Decrease amplitude of water content in straw ditch for D2 and D3 were larger than that of CK, and D3 had better effect of watedogging reduction than D2. The germination and growth of wheat on ditch-buried were both better than that of CK. The ditch performance was reliable and excellent, and the ditch can meet straw-buried and covering soil requirements. Ditch-buried had drainage function, no bad effect on the seedling and growth of wheat. So it is feasible that straw concentrated ditch-buried returning with machine.