《老子》的社会管理原则与制度建设要求——“道法”制度生命观

Laozi's Social Management Rule and Its System Construction Demand: The System Life Outlook of Taoist Rule

从生命整体的绵延视角而不是文化判断的静态抽象解读老子"道法自然"命题,可推引出《老子》文本的"道法"制度生命观,它展现在人类社会管理上的基本原则是自然,具有三个不可分割对待的主要意向,即超然、实然和应然。这个基本原则反映在人类社会制度建设中的总体要求是整全,以此实现管理者和被管理者之间的生命无缝对接,由管理的实然状态进入其超然境界即"玄德"。但无论管理者最终坚持生命超然式的减法管理,还是文化应然式的加法管理,都必须在实际管理行动中把握一个相对确定的适度原则即"知足",这才可能进行有效的社会管理并产生必要的制度作为。

From the perspective of living entity evolution rather than the static Abstraction,the understanding of Laozi’s concept that ＂Taoism acts from nature＂ can produce the system living outlook of Laozi which displays the natural basic rule of management which has three inseperable directions of detachment,exactness and necessariness.The overall demand of this basic rule reflected in human social system construction is integration so as to connect the lives of the managing and the managed and to step from exact state to detached state.Whatever the managing method is,the management should adopt the proper rule of satisfaction when managing so as to take effective social management and establish necessary system.MoreBack AbstractFilter（＇EnChDivSummary＇,＇ChDivSummaryMore2＇,＇ChDivSummaryReset2＇）; 【Keywords in Chinese】 《老子》; 道法; 自然; 社会管理; 制度建设; 【Key words】 Laozi; Taoist rule; nature; social management; system construction;