论晚清士人农业观的变迁

A Preliminaty Study on the Transition of Intellectual's Agriculture Concept in Last Qing Dynasty

洋务运动时期,基于中西对比和对农业认识错位的原因,近代重商主义开始抬头。学习西方先进技艺,发展近代工商业,成为洋务派官僚改变中国命运的制度安排,农业则处于被轻视的地位。洋务运动的失败,从另一个方面说明了缺乏以农业为基础的社会变革不可能改变中国贫穷落后的面貌。甲午战争后,中国思想界形成了重视农业的共同认识,其原因有二:一是经济因素,一是灾荒深重。在对西方认识更加深入的基础上,清末新政为近代农本主义提供了制度保障,晚清的农业政策开始了具有近代化意义的变革,也为民国时期的农业发展创造了制度条件。中国古老的农村社会由此具有了某些近代气息。

It is in the westernization movement period that the modern mercantilist began to burgeon.The reason were the mistaken conscious of agriculture and the comparison between China and Weste.Westernization group wish to change China’s destiny by learning advanced science and technology of weste.The status of agriculture was despised.The failure of westernization movement told us that the situation of Chinese poverty and backwardness could not be changed for the lack of social transformation of agriculture.After the Sino-japanese war,the common understanding about agriculture was formed by Chinese scholars.There were two reasons： economic factors,the disaster.For understanding the western more deeply,the administration guarantee of agriculture-oriented had been established in the New Deal of the late Qing Dynasty.The agricultural policy had modem significance to reform in late Qing Dynasty.Thus the ancient Chinese rural society had some modern new phenomena.MoreBack AbstractFilter（＇EnChDivSummary＇,＇ChDivSummaryMore2＇,＇ChDivSummaryReset2＇）; 【Keywords in Chinese】 洋务运动; 重商主义; 农本主义; 灾荒; 商部; 【Key words】 Westernization movement; Business-oriented doctrine; Agriculture-oriented doctrine; Diaster; the Commerce Department;