杰出女性体育竞技人才成长特点及其时空分布特征研究——以我国历届夏奥会女性冠军为例

Characteristics of Outstanding Female Sport Talents and Their Spatial and Temporal Distribution——a case study of Chinese Women Champions in the Summer Olympic Games

在建立历届夏奥会女性冠军数据库基础上,对我国杰出女性体育竞技人才成长特点及其时空分布特征进行研究。结果表明:历届夏奥会女性冠军的平均年龄为22.7岁,且大部分来自普通或贫困家庭;高学历的女性奥运冠军越来越多,但与相应学历的普通学生具备的知识水平相比仍具有一段差距;因被教练选中而参与竞技体育训练的女性运动员人数远远高于由于自身爱好而参加竞技体育训练的人数;从时间上历届夏奥会女性冠军人数呈现出先下降、出现波动、稳步提升、再下降的变化态势,分别受到传统金牌大国缺席、初期参赛经验不足、体育事业快速发展和东道主效应的影响;从空间上历届夏奥会女性冠军在我国各省市分布差异非常明显,东部沿海地区逐渐发展成女性奥运冠军的聚集地,且各省市区之间女性奥运冠军项群分布差异明显;自然、经济、社会和文化环境等因素均对历届夏奥会女性冠军空间分布产生着不同的影响。

Based on the database of female champions in the summer Olympic Games, the paper researches the characteristics and spatial and temporal distributions of outstanding Chinese sports talents with the result indicating that the average age of women champions in summer Olympic Games is 22.7 and most of them come from ordinary and poor families. There are more and more highly educated women Olympic champions, but they are still inferior to those ordinary students with the same education in terms of their actual knowledge. The number of female athletes selected by instructors to participate in competitive sports training is much higher than the number of those who do it because of their own interests. From the angle of time, the number of female champions in the summer Games number is seen to drop first, to change, to steadily rise and then to drop again, which is respectively influenced by the absence of the traditional major gold medal countries, the insufficiency of competition experience because of initial entry, the rapid development of sports and the effect of the hosting country. From the space, all previous female champions in the summer Games in China are distributed quite differently, with the eastern coastal areas gradually developing into the meeting grounds of women Olympic champions and the championship events distributing differently between different provinces and regions. Nature, economy, social and cultural environment all work together as the factors to influence the spatial distribution of female champions＇ distribution