从历史研究到调查实证——20世纪初美国教育研究范式的转型及思考

From Historical Research to Empirical Survey——The Transformation of the Research Paradigm of American Education in the Early 20th Century and Its Reflection

20世纪前后,美国兴起了教育科学化运动。历史学方法因其"科学性"一度成为教育研究的重要方法,并导致美国教育史研究出现了兴盛的图景。但教育的历史研究终究被认为无助于美国教育现实问题的解决,自1910年学校调查运动开始以后,学校调查研究备受推崇,至1920年代历史学方法已经被学校调查研究取代。这是美国现代教育史上的一次研究范式转型。但是,在教育研究中过分强调实证调查也阻碍了教育科学自身的发展。

Around the 20th century, the scientific movement in education arose in the United States. Historical method had become an important method in American educational research for its ＇scientificity＇, and the study of educational his- tory appeared thriving atlas. But the historical research of education eventually considered no benefit to solving the educa- tional realistic problems. Since the school survey movement began in 1910, school survey study was praised highly. In 1920s, historical method was replaced by school survey study. It was a transformation of research paradigm in the history of modem education of the United States. However, there were new problems in education research which overemphasized on the empirical study.