18世纪俄国政府改革与贵族退役

The Russian Government Reform and Retired Noble in the 18^(th) Century

领地制度和君主专制是俄国政府推行农奴制和强制贵族服役的前提。在西方外力的冲击下,18世纪沙皇政府人为主导的悖论性改革,不仅造成了农民和贵族的分裂,而且激化了贵族等级内部的矛盾,最终诱发了18世纪中后期贵族军官提前退役的浪潮。社会出身、财产资格成为下层贵族军官退役的根本原因,矛盾心理导致中上层贵族军官的退役;退役军官多于文官,且退役军官的年龄日趋年轻化,退役军官转业受到限制,造成一些人流离失所。

Territory system and the monarchy is the implementation of Russian government＇s serfdom and compulsory noble service premise. Under the impact from the west, Czar government as the leading a contrary theory reform, not only caused the farmers and noble division, and intensified noble internal contradictions. And this finally induced the wave of noble officer retired in ad- vance in the 18th century. Social origin and property quality become the root cause of the a lower noble officer retired, which lead to some serious problems.