泉州历代城墙范围演变与砌筑方式

Boundary Evolution and Construction Characteristics of Quanzhou City-Wall in History

基于明清官修地方志,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,通过与现存遗址、1922年泉州城测绘图、近现代文史研究和影像资料的对比考证,系统研究福建泉州古代城墙演变和砌筑方式.研究结果表明:泉州城墙建设从唐代开始一直持续至清初,特别宋元时期是泉州城址拓展和城墙建设最为频繁的黄金时期;泉州城墙在城郭初创期、巩固成型期和防御改造期,先后采用植物固基的夯土版筑、砖石搭接的"外砖内石"、砖石独立的石砌包砖、条石垒叠的关东式城墙4种方式.此外,研究还发现"外砖内石"城墙、泉州民居"出砖入石"墙体和塔克西拉"花墙"三者具有形态和砌筑工艺上的相似性.

Based on the analysis on the official documents in Ming and Qing dynasties, modern literary history researches and video data, archeological sites, and Quanzhou map in 1922, the boundary evolution and construction characteristics of Quanzhou city-wall were studied systematically in both qualitative and quantitative methods. The conclusions are： 1） Quanzhou city-wall construction continues from Tang dynasty to Qing dynasty, especially in Song dynasty which is the golden period for city-wall＇s frequent expansion and construction. 2） There are four construction methods in Quanzhou＇s city-wall. In city-establishing period, the stamping earth between board frames is adopted, which is reinforced by plant roots. In consolidation period, the ＂external brick internal stone＂ is adopted. In defense reinforced period, firstly, the ＂external brick internal stone＂ is adopted, then Guandong style called ＂the strip stone pile＂ is adopted. 3） There is a similarity of construction form and skill among ＂external brick internal stone＂ in city-wall, ＂brick and stone overlapping＂ in Quanzhou residential house, and the honeycomb wall in Taxila.