当代中国慈善发展转型中若干问题辩析

Analysis of Problems Existing in Contemporary Chinese Philanthropy Transformation

当代中国慈善正处于发展转型期。中国当代慈善的基本定位是"政府主导下的社会保障体系的一种必要的补充",而不是政府社会保障的"有机组成部分"或"重要组成部分"。慈善最核心最本质的价值观是"利他"而不是"利己"。为了"利己"才去"利他"不是真正的慈善。对主观上有功利目的而客观上有慈善行为者,应主要看其客观效果而予以充分肯定。不能用对待个人慈善的标准对待企业慈善。企业慈善功利是合理和应该的。企业应当确立慈善发展的理念与战略,将以盈利为目的的生产排他性商品,和以慈善为目的的生产公共品这两类基本行为统筹起来,做到经济效益与社会效益完美统一。慈善是民间资源,本质上只能是民间行为,理应由民间自觉自愿地去做、去发展,而不宜由政府去运作与实施。"民办"与"官助"是当代中国慈善发展的合理定位。民办慈善发展的路径应当是民营化(非政府化)、法制化、系统化、专业化、普及化。政府要确立慈善与公益同步发展的战略目标,让社会发展的成果由全体公民共享。

Chinese philanthropy is experiencing a transforming period currently. Philanthropy is basically identified as＂a necessary supplement to the social insurance system dominated by the government＂in China. The essential core value of philanthropy is not self-interest but altruism. Charity sponsored by enterprises should not be treated with the same standard as that sponsored by individuals. Utilitarianism in charity sponsored by enterprises is quite reasonable. By combining producing exclusive goods with the purpose of profit-gaining and producing public goods with philanthropic aims, enterprises should establish the philosophy and strategy to develop philanthropy to unify the economic benefits and social benefits perfectly. Contemporary Chinese charity is reasonably identified as＂ civilian-ran＂ and ＂government-support＂. The route to developing civilian-run philanthropy lies in privatization, legislation, systematization, specialization, and popularization. The government should establish the strategic target of developing philanthropy and commonwealth at the sane pace to ensure that the achievements of social development would be shared by all the people.