优良冬季青绿禾草扁穗雀麦在人工草地中的建植及利用研究

A study on the management and utilization of artificial sward of Bromus catharticus in winter

本试验研究了在贵州中南部的黄棕壤土中建植扁穗雀麦人工草地时 ,不同的播种时期、播种量、播种方法、利用期及不同刈割方式对扁穗雀麦生长发育的影响。其结果表明 :在无灌溉条件下种植扁穗雀麦 ,播期是成败的关键 ,秋旱后播种最好 ;条播稍好于撒播 ,覆土远胜于不覆土 ;播量以 3 0kg/6 6 7m2 为宜 ,其鲜草产量达 6 349 7kg/6 6 7m2 。扁穗雀麦草地生长第一年产量比第二年低 19 4 % ;其越夏率可达到94 7% ,但利用不当则大幅度下降。因此 ,建议在生长第一年留种 ,第二年以始牧高 30cm ,留茬高 6 0cm时开始刈割或放牧利用 ,并在高温伏旱来临之前重施肥料 ,给它一“休养生息”条件 ,既可达高产 。

Effects of sowing data,sowing rate,sowing method,utilizing period and cutting method on the growth and development of Bromus Catharticus when establishing the artificial Bromus catharticus sward on the yellow and brown soil area of Guizhou were investigated.The results showed that the sowing data was the key factor to the sward establishment without irrgation in the upland.it was best to sow immediately after the drought in autumn.Drill and soil coverage were better than broad casting and no coverage respectively.The most suitable sowing rate was 3.0kg/667m 2 and it resulted in a yield of 6349.7kg/667m 2 fresh forage.The yield of Bromus catharticus decreased by 36.2%.in the second year compared with that in the first year.Its oversummer rate was 94.7%,but sharply decreased without proper utilization.High yield and oversummer rate could be retained by the combinative measures as follow:①produced seed in the first year,②initially grazed at 30cm sward surface height and stopped grazing in 6.0cm stubble,③applied plentiful fertilizer before the high temperature and severe drought in summer.The sward was seriously infested by weeds,especially in summer.so it was necessary to mixed sowing of Bromus catharticus and pea family grass for best over-summer ability in summer.