论先秦儒家对忠德的整合与创建

On the Integration and Creation of the Virtue of Loyalty by Pre-Qin Confucians

先秦是儒家忠德发展史上的整合与创建时期,主要代表是孔子、孟子、荀子。他们的理论贡献体现在三个方面:一从德性伦理学角度来看,先秦儒家把忠德整合为"德之正也"、"令德"、"全德",使忠德成为众德之基;二从政治道德角度来看,先秦儒家把三代以来上对下的"忠"发展到了忠德在实践上具有平等性、互惠性的层面;三从忠德实践角度来看,先秦儒家认为忠德具有层次性。

The pre-Qin period is a period when Confucians, among which Confucius, Mencius and the virtue of loyalty was integrated and created by Xunzi are the principal representatives. Their theoretical contribution lies in three aspects： First, from a virtue perspective, the pre-Qin Confucians think that the loyalty of virtue means ＂just＂, ＂all virtue＂ and it is the basis of all other virtues. Second, from point of view of political morality, the pre-Qin Confucians think that the loyalty of virtue requires equality and reciprocity. Lastly, from the think the virtue of loyalty is layered. perspective of practice, the pre-Qin Confucians