孕期受虐相关的社会心理因素

Psychosocial factors related to domestic violence during pregnancy

目的:通过调查孕期受虐相关社会心理因素,探讨家暴态度、家暴目睹经历、意外怀孕和流产史与孕期受虐的关系,为今后进一步研究提供参考。方法:用虐待评估问卷(AAS),对846名孕妇进行家庭暴力筛查,96名孕妇筛查为受虐者,从无受虐者中抽取匹配对照者150名,用简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、自尊量表(SES)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行心理评估,并比较孕期受虐者和无受虐者间相关社会心理特征的差异性。结果:孕期受虐总的发生率为11.3%,精神暴力为主要形式(占所有被调查者的7.0%)。受虐组孕妇的流产史(19.8%)、意外怀孕(91.9%)、家暴认可态度(70.9%)和家暴目睹史(93.0%)的发生率均高于无受虐者(1.5%～42.3%,P<0.001),受虐组孕妇的积极应对、SSRS、SES和EPQ的内外向得分均低于无受虐者(均P<0.05),而消极应对和EPQ的神经质或情绪稳定性得分高于无受虐者(均P<0.01)。孕期精神暴力和性暴力与流产史、意外怀孕、家暴认可态度、家暴目睹史呈正相关(r=0.21～0.35,Ps<0.05)。回归分析显示,丈夫有吸烟史(OR=2.82)、经济状况较好(OR=10.39)、家暴认可态度(OR=57.90)、家暴目睹史(OR=45.32)、意外怀孕(OR=45.45)、流产史(OR=4.03)、主观支持缺乏(OR=3.45)者孕期发生受虐的可能性更大(P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示,经济状况较好、丈夫有吸烟史、家暴认可、有家暴目睹史、意外怀孕、有流产史以及缺乏主观支持的孕妇,孕期越有可能发生受虐待。

Objective： To explore the relationship between some psychosocial factors and domestic violence during pregnancy. Methods： In this cross-sectional survey, 846 pregnant women were screened with the Abuse As- sessment Screen （AAS）, 96 participants were screened as the abused pregnant women, and 150 participants were chosen as non-abused pregnant women. All participants were assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）, Social Supporting Rating Scale （SSRS）, Self Esteem Scale （SES） and Eysenck＇ s Personality Question- naire （EPQ）. Results： The overall prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy was 11.3% （96/846）, the psychologic abuse （7.0%） was the most common style. The investigation showed a higher prevalence of abortion （ 19. 8% ）, unexpected pregnancy （91.9%）, acceptance to violence （70. 9% ）, witness to violence （93.0%） among abused pregnant women than no-abused pregnant women （ 1.5% - 42. 3%, P 〈 0. 001）, lower levels of positivecoping style, social support, self-esteem, EPQ-E, but higher levels of negative coping style, EPQ-N among abused pregnant women than no-abused pregnant women （Ps 〈 0. 05）. Domestic violence during pregnancy was positively correlated with abortion, unexpected pregnancy, acceptance to violence, and witness to violence （r = 0. 21 - 0. 35, Ps 〈 0.05）. Logistic analysis showed husband smoking （OR = 2. 82）, higher family income （OR = 10. 39）, acceptance to violence （OR = 57.90）, witness to violence （OR = 45.32）, unexpected pregnancy （OR = 45.45）, abortion （OR = 4. 03） and poor social support （OR = 3.45） may be risk factors for domestic violence during pregnancy （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： It suggests that higher family income, husband smoking history, acceptance to violence, witness to violence, unexpected pregnancy, abortion, and poor social support may be susceptible to domestic violence during pregnancy.