儿童虐待的短期影响及其与精神障碍的关系

Children abuse' s short-term effects and the relation between effects and mental disorders

目的研究儿童虐待对儿童焦虑、抑郁、自我意识及冲动等心理特征的短期影响及其与精神障碍之间可能的关系。方法在1500名10～13岁学生中,用儿童受虐筛查表结合即时诊断查出3个月内受虐、且3个月前至少半年内未受虐的儿童195名,随机抽取85名未受虐儿童作对照;对上述儿童用长处和困难问卷筛查并诊断精神障碍儿童,分为受虐组、纯受虐组(无精神障碍)、对照组、纯对照组(无精神障碍)四组,分别实施儿童焦虑、抑郁、自我意识量表及Barratt冲动自评量表的测评。结果受虐组的广泛性焦虑(t=2.283,P=0.023)、社交焦虑(t=2.405,P=0.017)维度分及焦虑总分(t=2.196,P=0.029)均高于对照组;受虐组在自我意识量表的行为(t=-2.017,P=0.045)、合群(t=1.967,P=0.050)维度及总分(t=-2.108,P=0.036)上低于对照组,在冲动量表分(t=2.289,P=0.023)上高于对照组;纯受虐组与纯对照组在焦虑、抑郁、自我意识及冲动上均无差异。结论童年期虐待对儿童心理特征的影响与儿童本身的精神状况关系密切;短期影响易导致状态性、外在化特征的改变,且对健康儿童的影响有限;虐待创伤的形成可能更倾向于一个多因素的慢性过程。

Objective To study short -term abused children＇s changes on anxiety,depression, self- consciousness and impulsive and the relation between these changes and mental disorders. Methods 195 abused pupiles and 85 contrast pupiles were shift for mental disorders by DSM - IV then were classified into 4 groups： abuse group（ abused children） ; pure abuse group（ abused children without mental disorders） ;contrast group（ the no abused children） ;pure contrast group （the no abused children without mental disorders）. All the children completed the scales ： the Depression Self - rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder, Piers - Harris Children＂ s Self - Concept Scale, and Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Results The scale scores in abuse group were higher than that in contrast group on generality anxiety （t = 2. 283, P = 0. 023 ）, social association anxiety（ t = 2. 405, P = 0. 017 ）, total anxiety scores （ t = 2. 196, P = 0. 029 ） in SCARED, and impulsive （ t = 2. 289,P = 0. 023 ） in BIS, then lower on behacior（t = -2. 017 ,P =0. 045） ,gregariousness（t = 1. 967 ,P =0. 050） and total scores（t = -2. 108 ,P =0. 036） of self- scale. There was no significant difference between pure abuse group and pure contrast group on all scales Conclusion The effects of children abuse on psychological characteristics were related to children＇s mental disorders and mental syptoms. The effects of short - term children abuse on health children were limited. Children abuse trauma more inclined to chronic process onset because of multifactor.