黄河上游宁蒙河段水沙变化特征分析

Characteristics of Runoff-Sediment Variation in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Upper Yellow River

基于黄河上游4个水文站点1950—2009年实测年径流量和年输沙量的数据,利用趋势分析法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验及突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,对黄河上游来水来沙的时空变化特征、突变特点和变化周期进行了分析。结果表明:①近60 a来,黄河上游年径流量和年输沙量均呈明显减少趋势,头道拐站年径流量减幅最大,下河沿站年输沙量减幅最大;②径流量和输沙量序列均存在显著突变,但突变时间存在差异性,且输沙量的敏感性更强;③黄河上游水沙序列存在多时间尺度变化,但变化尺度并不一致。

Based on the data of annual runoff and sediment load in four hydrological stations on the upper Yellow River during the period of 1950 - 2009, the characteristics of temporal, spatial, as well as abrupt change points of incoming water and sediment conditions were analyzed in detail using the liner trend, Mann-Kendall and Morlet wavelet. The results indicate that the annual runoff and sediment load decrease significantly in recent 60 years, and especially at Toudaoguai Station of runoff and Xiaheyan Station of sediment load. There are significant mutation both in the water and sediment sequences and the abrupt change points of sediment load are earlier than that of runoff. Both the water and sediment sequences have particular multi-scale and multi-resolution attributes, but the scale of each is not completely consistent.